Saussure : Language as social facts

Towards the end of XIX Century – Apparently all seems good that day, and partially still convince for nowadays – Many similarity of language and biology has been rejected, This creates difficult language comprehension as an academic discipline: if language is not a living species, it means that language are an “item” which can be investigate? Common people happy alone that French is something that can be learned, which has a specific device and in same in some cases or similar to english but different in other cases; but if French are an ‘item’ and that item is something strange. Its clear that language is not an concrete object like desk or land called france, You can’t see and hear what it is called French. What you can hear is Gaston The waitress said ” pas si bete…”: you can see a line of letterpress in newspaper “Le Monde”; but how we describe French which right in behind of thousand concrete phenomenom which can be investigate likes two earlier examples? What kind of object language is? Biological paradigm shows connection between speak and French is like connection between certain carrot and carrot species: and it ends with the rejected this Biology Paradigm, This kind of idea is already considered satisfiy – although people only can see or eat carrot, people assess quite important to talking about carrot species and discuss, let’s say, the genetic connection with potato tubers species. but the first time biology has been thrown to the side of the road; The second, people already judged that Paradigm cannot gives an detail answer towards ongoing discussion. in biology, because the species is abstraction, at least the individual species must be a concrete object, so several kinds of object are more easier to taste than carrot, but the linguistic analogy to biological individual is idiolek; and almost all, if its not overall , same abstraction from wide concept about language. we cannot hear Gaston Idiolek as an form; we can just hear kinds of examples idiolek – Comment which he say that he see a tip that we have left, and that idiolek example doesnt have parallels in biology. So even though is not considered as problem by linguist XIX Century, Question ” How understanding form the so-called language or dialect of the underlying reality that can be felt rather than certain utterances? Is still open in that period. People who can answer will satisfy the experts in his period , also these days experts are Swiss scholar: Ferdinand de-Saussure. MONGIN Ferdinand de Saussure , his full name , was born in Geneva in 1857 , the son of the Huguenot families who moved from Lorraine during the French religious wars in the late sixteenth century . Although people now regard as the first Saussure provides a definition of the notion that so-called synchronic linguistics – the study of language support as the system contained in the given time , which is distinguished by historical linguistics ( which to distinguish Saussure called diachronic linguistics ) is for experts contemporaries isthe only approach available for studying that time was – in his lifetime was not meant to make it famous . Saussure got educated as an ancient language , and successfully while still a young man published a book entitled Memoire sur lesysteme primitive dans les langues des Voyelles indo – europeennes ( 1878) . The book was published a few weeks after his birthday XXI : When he was a student in Germany . The book is one of the basic reconstruction of Proto- Indo- European language . Saussure gives Ecole Pratique des Hautes lecture Etudes in Paris from 1881 to 1891, before he returned to teaching in Geneva , all publishing , and almost all the lectures he gave , throughout his more than dealing with historical linguistics synchronic linguistics , with in-depth analysis about the various Indo- European languages ​​and not with the general theory that makes it famous now .In fact , although Saussure produce his work on the theory of general linguistics at about 1890 ( Koerner , 1973: 29 ) , he seems reluctant to give it to someone else , and the story of how his ideas can go into publishing is a strange story . In late 1906 he was asked to take over responsibility in giving lectures on general linguistics and comparative history and languages ​​of the Indo – European from a scholar who has quit his service for 30 years ;Saussure taught the material on the rest of her student days and on the lectures in 1908-1909 and in 1910-1911 . In the first years of Saussure limit at only about historical matters ; but when he gave the two years he was also a brief introduction to post a synchronic linguistics , and the third lecture , the entire semester is used to provide synchronous linguistic theory . Shortly afterward he died , without a chance to publish any material that theory . Some people have been asked to publish , but he always answered that for preparing lecture materials very time-consuming , but two of his colleagues , Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye decided on a new fabric of the student lecture notes together with notes Saussure left college . The book they produced is called Cours de linguistique gererale ( Saussure 1916) is a medium that can be used by scholars in the world to understand the ideas of Saussure , Saussure and since this document is known as the father of twentieth -century linguist .